Molecular Insights and Radical Longevity from Ancient Elixirs to Mars Colonies

Abstract

Aging is a complex biological process that has intrigued humanity for millennia, shaping cultural beliefs, scientific exploration, and medical advancements. From ancient Egyptian notions of "heart exhaustion" to contemporary models of cellular senescence, the perception of aging has evolved alongside technological progress. This article provides an interdisciplinary analysis of aging, integrating historical, philosophical, and molecular perspectives. It examines key theories, from early humoral concepts to modern insights into genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the accumulation of damaged centrioles. Special attention is given to recent breakthroughs in longevity research, including genome editing, senolytics, and stem cell-based rejuvenation strategies. Advances in artificial intelligence and bioinformatics have further accelerated the search for geroprotective interventions, enabling the identification of novel molecular targets. Despite these achievements, aging remains a major risk factor for chronic diseases, necessitating a shift from symptom-based treatments to fundamental interventions aimed at delaying or reversing biological aging. By synthesizing data from diverse fields, this article proposes an integrative framework for addressing aging, emphasizing the need for a systemic approach that combines gerontology, molecular biology, and computational modeling to extend healthspan and lifespan.