Asymmetry in the Inheritance of Centrosomes / Centrioles and Its Consequences

Abstract

Asymmetric division of stem cells plays a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by ensuring a delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Within this process, the centrosome and its components, including centrioles, exhibit both functional and structural asymmetry. The mother and daughter centrioles are inherited in a stereotypical manner, influencing the fate of sibling cells. The mother centriole, possessing a higher microtubule-organizing capacity, often remains in the stem cell, while the daughter centriole is transmitted to the differentiating progeny. This mechanism has been observed in germline stem cells of Drosophila and radial glial cells in mammals. However, in Drosophila neuroblasts, an opposite strategy is maintained: the daughter centriole remains in the stem cell, whereas the mother centriole is passed on to the progenitor cells. These differences may be linked to the regulation of cell fate, aging, and tissue longevity. A deeper understanding of the role of centrioles in these processes could pave the way for new approaches in regenerative medicine and anti-aging therapies.