Induction of de novo centriole biogenesis in planarian stem cells

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Published: 2025-10-07
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17283229
Keywords:
Centriole, De Novo Biogenesis, Planarian, Neoblast, Regeneration, Ciliogenesis, Basal Body, PLK4, SAS-6

Main Article Content

Jaba Tkemaladze
Longevity Clinic
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-7243
Gabro Gakely
Longevity Clinic

Abstract

The centriole is a fundamental organelle templating cilia formation and ensuring genomic stability. While most cells assemble centrioles using a pre-existing mother as a template, the de novo pathway allows for assembly in their absence. However, the physiological role and regulation of de novo biogenesis in vivo remain poorly understood. The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, with its abundant somatic stem cells (neoblasts) and dependence on a massive ciliated epithelium for locomotion, presents a unique model to address this gap. We demonstrate that quiescent neoblasts are acentriolar, lacking the templates for canonical duplication. Upon tissue injury, neoblasts are activated and initiate a programmed de novo centriole biogenesis pathway. Super-resolution microscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal the formation of cytoplasmic procentriolar foci and mature centrioles, independent of any parental structure. Crucially, genetic ablation of Sas-6 or pharmacological inhibition of PLK4—interventions that effectively block the canonical pathway—fail to prevent the formation of new centrioles and functional basal bodies in the regenerating ciliated epithelium. This work provides the first in vivo evidence in a whole organism for an induced de novo centriole biogenesis pathway in adult somatic stem cells. We propose this pathway is a key evolutionary adaptation, enabling rapid, large-scale ciliogenesis essential for planarian regeneration, and represents a distinct, genetically regulated program separable from canonical duplication.

Article Details

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025)

Section

Research Article
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Articles published in Longevity Horizon fall under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This means authors retain their copyright while granting the journal the right to be the first publisher. Readers are permitted to share and distribute the work as long as proper credit is given. However, the content may not be altered, modified, or used for commercial purposes.

Author Biographies

Jaba Tkemaladze, Longevity Clinic

A physician-scientist specializing in the biology of ageing and longevity. His research focuses on the potential of stem cell therapies for age-related diseases and healthspan extension.

Current Roles:

  • President, Longevity Alliance Georgia.
  • Head of Department, Longevity Clinic, Inc., Georgia.

Research Focus:
His main research is related to the study of methodologies for returning the regeneration rate to the indicators of 12-24 years, in particular with the potential application of the technology of producing young safe stem cells from one's own somatic cells. His theoretical works include the development of the Centriolar Theory of Differentiation and the Centriolar Theory of Organismal Aging, which suggest the role of centrioles in the aging and development of cells and tissues.

Background:
Dr. Tkemaladze received his medical education at the Tbilisi State Medical University and continued his research in the laboratories of the Institute of Morphology and the Research Institute of Psychiatry. In his work, he uses a combined approach, combining experimental and computational methods, to study the aging process and develop treatments for age-related diseases.

Service and Recognition:
He has served on scientific advisory boards, including for the Georgian Ministry of Defense and the Longevity Alliance. He is the author of over 100 scientific publications and has been an invited speaker at numerous national and international conferences.

Gabro Gakely, Longevity Clinic

Research and Development Division, Longevity Clinic, Inc, Georgia

How to Cite

Tkemaladze, J., & Gakely, G. (2025). Induction of de novo centriole biogenesis in planarian stem cells. Longevity Horizon, 1(4). DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17283229
Crossref
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Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Activated Wheat: The Power of Super Grains. Preprints. doi : https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202508.1724.v1

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Adaptive Cognitive System Ze. Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15309162

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Aging Model Based on Drosophila melanogaster: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14955643

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Aging Model-Drosophila Melanogaster. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16706.49607

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). An Interdisciplinary Study on the Causes of Antediluvian Longevity, the Postdiluvian Decline in Lifespan, and the Phenomenon of Job’s Life Extension. Preprints. doi : https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.1476.v1

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Anatomy, Biogenesis, and Role in Cell Biology of Centrioles. Longevity Horizon, 1(2). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14742232

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Anti-Blastomic Substances in the Plasma of Schizophrenia Patients: A Dual Role of Complement C4 in Synaptic Pruning and Tumor Suppression. Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15042448

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Asymmetry in the Inheritance of Centrosomes/Centrioles and Its Consequences. Longevity Horizon, 1(2). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14837352

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Centriole Elimination: A Mechanism for Resetting Entropy in the Cell. Longevity Horizon, 1(2). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14876013

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Concept to The Alive Language. Longevity Horizon, 1(1). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14688792

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Concept to The Caucasian Bridge. Longevity Horizon, 1(1). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14689276

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Concept to The Curing All Diseases. Longevity Horizon, 1(1). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14676208

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Concept to The Eternal Youth. Longevity Horizon, 1(1). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14681902

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Concept to The Food Security. Longevity Horizon, 1(1). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14642407

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Concept to The Restoring Dogmas. Longevity Horizon, 1(1). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14708980

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Differentiation of Somatic Cells in Multicellular Organisms. Longevity Horizon, 1(2). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/10.5281/zenodo.14778927

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Direct Reprogramming of Somatic Cells to Functional Gametes in Planarians via a Novel In Vitro Gametogenesis Protocol. Preprints. doi : https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.1071.v1

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Induction of germline-like cells (PGCLCs). Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16414775

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Long-Lived Non-Renewable Structures in the Human Body. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14826.43206

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Mechanisms of Learning Through the Actualization of Discrepancies. Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15200612

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Memorizing an Infinite Stream of Information in a Limited Memory Space: The Ze Method of a Plastic Counter of Chronotropic Number Frequencies. Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15170931

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Molecular Insights and Radical Longevity from Ancient Elixirs to Mars Colonies. Longevity Horizon, 1(2). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14895222

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Ontogenetic Permanence of Non-Renewable Biomechanical Configurations in Homo Sapiens Anatomy. Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15086387

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Protocol for Transplantation of Healthy Cells Between Adult Drosophila of Different Ages and Sexes. Longevity Horizon, 1(2). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14889948

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Replicative Hayflick Limit. Longevity Horizon, 1(2). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14752664

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Solutions to the Living Space Problem to Overcome the Fear of Resurrection from the Dead. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34655.57768

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). The Centriolar Theory of Differentiation Explains the Biological Meaning of the.

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). The Concept of Data-Driven Automated Governance. Georgian Scientists, 6(4), 399–410. doi : https://doi.org/10.52340/gs.2024.06.04.38

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). The Stage of Differentiation Into Mature Gametes During Gametogenesis in Vitro. Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16808827

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Theory of Lifespan Decline. Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17142909

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Unlocking the Voynich Cipher via the New Algorithmic Coding Hypothesis. Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17054312

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Why do planarian cells without centrioles divide and cells with centrioles do not divide?. Longevity Horizon, 1(3). doi : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17054142

Tkemaladze, J. (2025). Гаметогенез In Vitro: современное состояние, технологии и перспективы применения. Research Gate. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28647.36000

Tkemaladze, J. Systemic Resilience and Sustainable Nutritional Paradigms in Anthropogenic Ecosystems. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18943.32169/1

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Tkemaladze, J., & Gakely, G. (2025). A Novel Biotechnological Approach for the Production of Shelf-Stable, Nutritionally Enhanced Activated Wheat: Protocol Development, Nutritional Profiling, and Bioactivity Assessment. doi : https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202508.1997.v1

Tkemaladze, J., & Samanishvili, T. (2024). Mineral ice cream improves recovery of muscle functions after exercise. Georgian Scientists, 6(2), 36–50. doi : https://doi.org/10.52340/gs.2024.06.02.04

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Ткемаладзе, Д. (2025). Гаметогенез in vitro (IVG)-Этап дифференцировки в зрелые гаметы. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20429.96482

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