Subatomic Particles with Intrinsic Ze
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65649/rr43c231Keywords:
Ze theory, binary stream, quantum degrees of freedom, neutrino oscillation, spin Ze, CP violation, quantum Zeno effect, Ze-impedance, subatomic particlesAbstract
Ze theory assigns a binary-stream counter Ze = (Zₛ, Zₜ) to any binary observable, where Zₛ counts stasis events and Zₜ counts transition events. We investigate which subatomic particles can possess a well-defined Ze and establish two distinct classes: Ze-autonomous particles, whose binary degree of freedom evolves independently of the measurement apparatus (neutrinos via flavor oscillation; nucleons via isospin in nuclei), and Ze-observable particles, whose Ze is defined only relative to a measurement protocol (electrons via spin; photons via polarization). The W± boson is reclassified as a Zₜ-carrier that mediates transition events in quark and lepton Ze streams rather than possessing its own Ze. We show that CP violation in the K⁰–K̄⁰ system implies a measurable Ze-impedance asymmetry ΔZ_Ze = 2ε/(1−p₀)² ≈ 4.5×10⁻³. The quantum Zeno effect is identified as the Z_Ze → 0 limit and NMR resonance as the Z_Ze = 1 condition. Five falsifiable predictions are derived. Particles without a binary degree of freedom (Higgs boson, gluon) are excluded from Ze classification.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Jaba Tkemaladze (Author)
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